A vast database of information is perfectly packed in a small 5.1µm by 3.1µm of a human sperm cell that transmits genetic information to their offsprings. This genetic information is referred to as DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). The integrity of DNA is very important to fertilize the egg and develop a new individual. Any disturbance in the integrity of this macromolecule can cause male infertility.

Semen analysis is generally used to assess male infertility, but the functions of sperm cannot be completely understood using one simple semen analysis. To evaluate male infertility additional tests need to be performed. The quality of sperm can be assessed by evaluating DNA fragmentation generally referred to as the DNA fragmentation index(DFI). Fertilization of an egg and embryo development in part is dependent on sperm DNA quality. Fragmentation and denaturation of DNA can have adverse on these processes.